RoRo shipping is one of the most efficient transport methods in international logistics. It offers numerous advantages, but also harbours a number of challenges. This article takes a detailed look at the advantages and disadvantages of this transport method.

What is RoRo shipping?

Definition and origin of RoRo shipping

RoRo stands for "roll-on/roll-off" and describes a shipping method in which vehicles and rollable freight drive onto the ship independently and leave it again after arrival. This technology was developed in the 1950s to optimise the transport of cars and heavy machinery. Since then, RoRo shipping has become a mainstay of international trade, particularly in the automotive, agricultural and heavy goods transport sectors.

How does RoRo transport work?

In contrast to container transport, where the freight is loaded into standardised containers, RoRo transport involves vehicles and rollable machines being driven directly onto special decks. The ships are equipped with ramps that enable fast loading and unloading. This significantly reduces the handling time, making this method particularly efficient.

Which vehicles and goods can be shipped with RoRo?

RoRo is suitable for a wide range of transport goods, including

• Cars, lorries and buses - both new and used
• Agricultural and construction machinery - tractors, excavators, cranes
• Special vehicles - fire engines, military vehicles, motorhomes
• Non-motorised cargo on roll trailers - containers, bulky industrial goods, heavy plant components

The biggest advantages of RoRo shipping

Speed and efficiency: Why RoRo is faster than other shipping methods

RoRo ships enable goods to be handled particularly quickly. As no complex crane gear is required, vehicles can be loaded and unloaded within a few minutes. This reduces idle times in harbours and speeds up the entire supply chain.

Cost efficiency: How companies can save with RoRo

The reduced time required lowers harbour and storage costs. In addition, there are no costly packaging or containerisation processes. This can mean considerable savings, especially for large vehicles.

Minimised risk of damage: Why RoRo is considered a gentle transport method

As vehicles drive onto the ship themselves and are not loaded with cranes, there is less risk of damage due to improper handling. In addition, the decks of the RoRo ships are specially designed to securely lash vehicles.

Flexibility in loading and unloading processes: How RoRo makes port operations easier

RoRo transports are less dependent on port infrastructure, as no heavy container cranes are required. This enables more flexible utilisation of smaller ports and reduces waiting times.

Worldwide availability: which ports and regions benefit most from RoRo

RoRo ships operate worldwide, with major hubs in Europe, North America, Asia and Africa. RoRo connections are particularly essential for routes with high vehicle volumes, such as between Europe and West Africa.

The challenges and disadvantages of RoRo shipping

Restricted freight options: Which goods cannot be transported by RoRo

RoRo is primarily suitable for vehicles and rollable cargo. Non-rollable goods must be loaded onto special roll trailers, which can incur additional costs.

Higher safety requirements: Why vehicles must be in running order

Some shipping companies require that vehicles are ready for operation and have intact brakes and steering systems. Defective or unroadworthy vehicles require special handling and can result in expensive additional costs.

Limited ports with RoRo infrastructure: Why not all destinations are accessible by RoRo

Not all harbours have the necessary infrastructure for RoRo ships. This can limit the choice of itineraries.

Costs compared to other shipping methods: When RoRo can be more expensive

Depending on the route and vehicle type, RoRo can be more cost-intensive than container or flatrack transport. An alternative transport method can be more favourable, especially for small quantities or non-rollable freight.

RoRo vs. other shipping methods: a comparison

RoRo vs. container transport: When is which method worthwhile?

Container transport offers a safer environment for sensitive goods and enables the shipment of non-rollable cargo. RoRo, on the other hand, is faster and more suitable for mobile goods.

RoRo vs. flatrack containers: which cargo is better suited to which method

Flatrack containers can accommodate bulky machines that cannot be moved independently. RoRo is suitable for vehicles and machines that roll on their own wheels.

When RoRo is the best choice - and when not

RoRo is ideal for transporting vehicles and wheeled goods over long distances. If particularly secure packaging or transport to remote regions is required, other methods may be preferable.

Conclusion: For whom is RoRo shipping worthwhile?

Summary of the most important advantages and disadvantages

RoRo offers a fast, efficient and gentle transport method for vehicles and wheeled cargo. There are restrictions in terms of freight types, safety requirements and port-dependent availability.

Which companies and sectors benefit the most

Car manufacturers, construction companies and agricultural machinery manufacturers use RoRo intensively. Haulage companies with large vehicle fleets also benefit from this method.

The future of RoRo shipping: What developments can be expected?

The industry is increasingly investing in environmentally friendly ships with alternative drive systems. Automated loading and unloading processes could further increase efficiency in the future and open up new markets.