Choosing the right transport method plays a decisive role in the success of international supply chains. Companies are often faced with the question of whether to ship their cargo using the roll-on/roll-off (RoRo) method or flatrack containers. Both approaches offer specific advantages and disadvantages, which can differ significantly depending on the type of cargo, destination region and budget. A comprehensive understanding of the differences will help to avoid unnecessary costs and delays and ensure that the goods reach their destination safely and efficiently.
Functionality and properties of the transport methods
RoRo transport: rolling cargo for efficiency and safety
What does RoRo mean? Definition and principle
RoRo stands for "roll-on/roll-off" and describes a mode of transport in which vehicles and machines are rolled directly onto the ship on their own wheels and unloaded at their destination. Instead of time-consuming loading, the units, such as cars, lorries or construction machinery, drive directly into the ship's cargo hold - similar to a floating car park. The particular advantage lies in the short loading time and the reduced risk of damage caused by lifting equipment.
Suitable vehicles and machines: When RoRo makes sense
RoRo is ideal for all types of vehicles, including
- Cars, buses and vans
- Agricultural machinery such as tractors
- Construction vehicles and heavy machinery that are ready to drive
- Specialised vehicles such as cranes and helicopters with their own taxiing function
This method is particularly advantageous when many units need to be transported quickly and cost-effectively.
The loading process: explained step by step
The RoRo loading process begins with manoeuvring the vehicles to the designated parking spaces inside the ship. Well-trained employees ensure that the cargo is securely anchored so that it remains stable even in heavy seas. At the port of destination, the vehicles are driven off the ship and are immediately available to the recipient. This efficient method minimises downtimes and simplifies the process.
Flatrack transport: flexibility for bulky goods
What is a flatrack container?
A flatrack container is a special container without side walls and a roof, which was developed especially for bulky and oversized loads. It consists of a stable floor with end walls that are either fixed or foldable. This means that goods that do not fit into standard containers can also be loaded.
Typical areas of application for flatrack containers
Flatrack containers are often used for
- Heavy construction equipment and industrial machinery
- Tractor units without semi-trailers
- Boats, yachts and other oversized goods
- Modular construction elements, such as prefabricated components
These containers offer a highly flexible loading format and enable the safe transport of complex freight.
The loading and backup process
The loading process at Flatracks requires precise planning and the use of cranes or forklifts. The load is positioned with millimetre precision and secured with special straps, ropes and chains. As oversized loads are often transported here, compliance with special regulations and authorisations is also essential for safe transport.
Advantages and disadvantages in direct comparison
RoRo transport: strengths and weaknesses at a glance
Advantages:
✅ Fast loading and unloading without special cranes
✅ Reduced loading costs thanks to simple processes
✅ Lower risk of damage due to mechanical lifting operations
✅ More efficient for large fleets of vehicles
Loading usually below deck, i.e. protected from the weather
Disadvantages:
Mainly suitable for self-propelled or rollable objects
❌ Restrictions on routes and loading / unloading ports
❌ Lower departure density
Flatrack transport: where this method scores - and where it doesn't
Advantages:
✅ Transport of bulky and bulky goods possible
✅ Customisable securing methods for complex loads
✅ Can be used on ships, trains and lorries alike
✅ High departure frequency and almost all routes available
Disadvantages:
❌ Time-consuming loading & unloading due to crane or forklift use
❌ Authorisations and agreements required for special transports
❌ Loading not always below deck, so goods are exposed to the weather
❌ Higher risk of damage as goods or containers are moved more frequently
Cost factors and logistical considerations
Price structure of both transport methods at a glance
Influencing variables: Weight, volume and destination
Several factors influence the costs of both RoRo and flatrack transport: the weight of the cargo, the volume and the route. Seasonal fluctuations and port availability also play a role.
Typical additional costs: harbour dues, security, documentation
In addition to the basic costs, both methods often incur fees for port utilisation, documentation and customs clearance. In the case of flatrack transport, there are often additional costs for special fastening materials and handling.
Decision-making factors for companies
When RoRo is a cost-effective solution
RoRo is the ideal choice when standardised vehicles or mobile machines are transported in large numbers or when particularly gentle loading is the priority. This method is particularly suitable for transport between ports that specialise in RoRo.
When a flatrack makes sense
A flatrack is worthwhile if individual, bulky or non-rollable goods are to be shipped. Flexibility is the key factor here, although this is associated with more extensive planning. The frequent departures mean that it may be possible to load faster, and far more ports can be reached than by RoRo.
Conclusion: The right choice for your transport needs
Summary of the most important differences
RoRo offers speed and simplicity for wheeled cargo, while flatrack containers provide maximum flexibility for oversized cargo.
Recommendations for different load types
It is worth comparing the two loading methods in terms of cost and speed and making a decision depending on the type of load and the risks involved.
A guide to decision-making: RoRo vs flatrack for the ideal transport
The choice depends on the type of load, the transport requirements and the budget. A detailed analysis of the transport options helps to find the right method and save costs in the long term.