The difference between RoRo and containers lies primarily in the loading process: With RoRo, vehicles and rollable goods are driven on board independently, whereas container shipping transports cargo in steel boxes. RoRo is ideal for vehicles and machinery, containers are more suitable for general cargo and personal effects. Costs, transit times and availability vary considerably depending on the route and cargo type.
RoRo stands for roll-on/roll-off and describes a loading process in which vehicles and rollable goods are driven directly onto the ship via a ramp. The process is particularly efficient because no crane is required.
With container shipping, the cargo is loaded into standardised steel containers (20-foot or 40-foot) and lifted onto the ship by crane. This approach offers maximum weather protection and is suitable for almost any type of cargo.
Both methods have clear strengths: RoRo scores with speed and simplicity for wheeled cargo, while containers offer more flexibility and protection. The choice ultimately depends on your cargo, your budget and the desired route.
Not every cargo is suitable for every shipping method. The following overview will help you make the right decision for your specific situation.
| Charge type | RoRo suitable? | Container suitable? | Recommendation |
| CAR / SUV | Yes - ideal | Possible (in container) | RoRo preferred |
| Lorry / Transporter | Yes - ideal | Only for small models | RoRo preferred |
| Construction machinery | Yes - on trailer | Only with flat rack | RoRo or flat rack |
| Household goods | No | Yes - ideal | Container |
| Motorbikes | Conditional (with pallet) | Yes - in the container | Container preferred |
| Boat on trailer | Yes - on trailer | Only very small boats | RoRo preferred |
| Mixed load | No | Yes - flexible | Container |
Basically, if your load has wheels or fits on a trailer, RoRo is almost always the more efficient choice. For everything else, the container offers more security and flexibility.
The cost structure of both methods differs fundamentally. With RoRo, you generally pay according to volume (cubic metres) or a flat rate per vehicle. With containers, the price is based on container size and weight.
For a single vehicle, RoRo is often the cheaper option as there is no container hire and no loading/unloading by crane. However, if you want to combine several items - such as a vehicle plus personal goods - a container may be more economical.
| Cost factor | RoRo | Container |
| Base freight | By volume/flat rate | By container size |
| Loading/unloading | Low (self-propelled) | Higher (crane required) |
| Container hire | Failed | Additional costs |
| Insurance | Recommended | Recommended |
| Harbour dues | Standard | Standard |
| Combined load | Not possible | Possible and often cheaper |
Always get quotes for both options before you decide. The actual costs vary greatly depending on the route, season and provider.
Transit times depend primarily on the route and not on the shipping method. However, there are indirect differences: RoRo ships often travel direct routes between large vehicle ports, while container ships can make more intermediate stops.
Typical transit times from European ports:
Please note that the loading and collection times in the harbour also vary. RoRo loading is usually faster, as no crane needs to be coordinated.
Both shipping methods are fundamentally safe, but differ in the level of protection. In a container, your cargo is completely protected from the weather and external influences. With RoRo, your vehicle is on the lower deck of the ship - protected from the weather, but theoretically accessible.
Safety measures for RoRo:
Safety measures for containers:
When maximum protection is a priority - for example with classic cars or luxury vehicles - the container is the safer choice. For standard vehicles, RoRo offers an excellent level of security.
You don't always have to choose between RoRo and container. For oversized or particularly heavy loads, there are hybrid solutions such as flat-rack containers or open-top containers.
Flat rack container: Ideal for construction machinery, large vehicles or oversized loads that do not fit into a standard container.
Open-top container: Suitable for particularly high loads that have to be loaded from above.
Combined booking: Vehicle by RoRo, personal goods separately in the container - saves costs with maximum flexibility.
Break bulk: For very heavy individual items such as industrial plants that cannot be transported in containers or by RoRo.
Talk to your freight forwarder about hybrid options if your cargo does not clearly fall into one category. Creative combinations can often save considerable costs.
The choice between RoRo and container can be made systematically on the basis of a few key questions:
Does your load have wheels? If so, RoRo is the best choice in most cases.
Do you need maximum weather protection? Then a closed container is the safe option.
Would you like to combine several goods? Containers offer the necessary flexibility here.
Is your load oversized? Check flat rack or hybrid solutions.
What route are you planning? Check the RoRo availability for your port of destination.
Use this checklist as a starting point and then seek individual advice. Every shipment has its own special features, and an experienced freight forwarder can recommend the best solution for you.
An often underestimated factor in the decision is route availability. Container ships serve significantly more ports worldwide than RoRo carriers. If your destination port is not served by RoRo ships, the only option is containerisation - or transhipment at an intermediate port.
Large RoRo ports such as Bremerhaven, Zeebruegge, Southampton or Emden offer regular departures to the most important destinations. For more exotic destinations, you may have to switch to containers or accept longer transit times.
Before booking, ask for the available departure dates and routes for both options. Sometimes a RoRo departure date a few days later makes more sense than an immediately available container - or vice versa.
RoRo is generally cheaper for individual vehicles, as there is no container hire and no crane loading. However, a container can be more economical for combined shipments with several goods.
No, no personal belongings may remain in the vehicle during RoRo shipping. The tank must be reduced to a maximum of one quarter. Personal goods must be shipped separately in the container.
Both methods are fundamentally safe. However, containers offer fully enclosed and sealed protection, making them the preferred choice for luxury vehicles or sensitive cargo.
RoRo is often slightly faster, as the ships take more direct routes and loading takes less time. The difference is typically two to five days, depending on the route.
Yes, vehicles that are not roadworthy can be loaded onto a trailer or pallet and shipped by RoRo. However, this incurs additional costs for the trailer and loading.
RoRo can transport very large vehicles and machines as long as they can be rolled or fit on a trailer. The maximum dimensions depend on the respective ship and the ramp capacity.
A flat-rack container is the best choice for oversized or overwidth cargo that does not fit into a standard container, but also cannot be transported by RoRo - for example, large construction machinery that is not self-propelled.
The decision between RoRo and containers depends on your cargo, your budget and your route. For wheeled goods such as vehicles, lorries and construction machinery, RoRo is almost always the most efficient and cost-effective solution. For general cargo, combined shipments or destinations without a RoRo connection, the container is the right choice.
Use the decision matrix in this article as a guide and then seek individual advice. It is often only when you receive a concrete offer that it becomes clear which method is best suited to your specific shipment.
Do you have any questions or would you like a non-binding offer? Contact us directly: https://odsorient.com/kontakt
All information in this article has been carefully researched but is subject to change at any time. ODS Orient accepts no liability for the topicality, accuracy and completeness of the information provided.
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